Cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase (GPX 1) is one of the selenoenzymes important for the organism functioning, present in all tissues of the human body, which takes part in detoxication of hydrogen peroxide and products of lipid peroxidation, as catalyzes the interaction of reduced glutathione with these substances. It is known that numerous pathologic processes in the organism develop in concequence with disorders in the mechanisms of antioxidant protection. Specially, in patients with insulin resistance, accompanied by hyperglycemia and increased production of cytokines, where oxidative stress arises. The accumulation of free radicals activates factors of transcription such as NFkB, which initiate the process of proinflammatory cytokines release. The growth of free radicals results in lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, causes atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction.